To some extent, the errors involve a misreading of the law (1 Tim. 1:7; see Titus 1:14), a misunderstanding of the resurrection (2 Tim. 2:18), an elite sectarianism (1 Tim. 2:1–6), and the worship of divinized emperors (1 Tim. 6:15–16). It is difficult to conceive that this variety of errors comes from a single source, whether in the form of Gnosticism,16 Judaizing intrusion, or some other form. It is therefore misleading to speak of the Pastor’s “opponents” as if they were some well-defined group.